The general idea on fixtures and fittings is that fixtures include those objects or appliances that are attached to the building, that is, the object that is permanently fixed on the building and cannot be removed without causing damage to the building. They are static, immovable, and motionless. On the other hand, the knowledge is that fittings are those objects or appliances that are not fixed to the building other than using a screw or nail; they can be easily moved and detached. However, the differences between sanitary fixtures and sanitary fittings go beyond this elementary knowledge of fixtures and fittings although it could further help in explaining one from the other, the differentiation on this knowledge is not totally sound.

By way of definition, sanitary fitting or sanitary fixtures are those objects or things mostly used in applications and processes requiring a clean, healthy, or sterile process such as dairy products, food processes, pharmaceuticals, medical and chemical productions as well as personal hygiene etcetera. These objects and appliances are made to be easily maintained, cleaned; crack free and they are also made with polished contact surfaces. They are also made with materials to preserve their sterility and cleanliness in the course of usage. They are also easily sanitized and disinfected.

Distinctively, a major difference between the two is that, in the first part, sanitary fixtures are those sanitary objects or appliances that are fixed or attached. They are commonly referred to as sanitary furniture. They are static, immovable, and motionless. Sanitary fixtures are sanitary wares or furniture attached and installed in different parts of a building and they are permanently connected to a plumbing system to be used for the reception and discharge of water or waste. Examples of sanitary fixtures include water closet, lavatory or washbasin, urinal, floor drain, flushing cisterns, showers, faucets, hose bibs, bathtubs, dishwashers, sinks, laundry sink, drinking fountain, bidet to mention a few. These fixtures are made from dense, durable, and non-absorbent materials that do not harbor bacteria or allow germs to multiply such as cast iron, ceramics, sheet steel, non-ferrous metals, and alloys.

On the other hand, c also known as hygienic fittings or sanitary clamps are those objects or appliances used to seal, clamp and fasten two or more separate ends of sanitary fixtures from any crevices or gaps to maintain a high hygienic standard. In other words, sanitary fittings are used to create closures, linkages, and a secure connection between sanitary fixtures so as not to create any leaking site or gap that can harbor or lead to exposure of bacteria and germs. Examples of sanitary fittings are determined by the connection types such as ball and sleeve fittings, barbed fittings, cam-lock fittings, compression fittings, crimp fittings, end fittings, flanges, threaded fittings etcetera; It is also determined by the function of such fitting such as fittings which extends or terminate (for example, adapter, coupling, sleeve, union, cap, plug etc.), fittings which add or change directions (for example, elbow, tee, wye, cross), fittings which changes vessel size (for example, reducer and olet), and fittings which provide special connections (for example, nipple) it could also include Valves for regulating and controlling of flows (for example, gate valves, globe valves, angle valves, check valves – spring check valve and swing check valve – ball valves, metered valves, flow control valve, thermostatic valves, temperature relief valve, pressure reducing valve, flushometer, sensor operated valves), traps for preventing foul gas from sewers to back flow (for example, floor traps, gully traps, intercepting traps) etcetera.

In summary, sanitary fixtures are those wares, equipment, and furniture in place for clean and hygienic purposes while sanitary fittings are those objects and appliances used to connect these fixtures together to achieve a high standard of cleanliness free from germs and bacteria. Notwithstanding the above distinction between sanitary fixtures and sanitary fittings, based on the uses of each, it is noted that although sanitary fixtures and sanitary fittings are distinctively different, both work hand in hand and are essential in achieving a sterile and germ-free environment. Sanitary fixtures and sanitary fittings are both essential for unparalleled efficiency in achieving a high level of joint cleanliness which is critical to delicate productions as mentioned earlier.

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Whether it is for the fermentation of the pot, as well as sanitary stainless steel wine retort cover matching vent tube, or cooler tank inlet, and so on, all of these can be used for the stainless steel heat pipe and condensing pipe.

In order to guarantee the advancedness and stability of stainless steel sanitary fittings in retort equipment, it is suggested to install a “stabilizer” in the gas transmission system in the retort pot. For example, taking the production process of solid fermentation enterprises with multiple rounds of feeding and multiple rounds of brewing for liquor as an example, the water content of fermented grains would gradually increase with the deepening of brewing rounds. In this way, brewing workers faced increasingly heavy and wet fermented grains, a little mistake would cause distilled grains deviation, gas collapse, and other phenomena in the process of distilling liquor. Thus, it affected the smooth distillation of fermented grains and reduced the liquor output rate of fermented grains themselves.

The concrete improvement method of stainless steel sanitary grade pipe fitting to the gas transmission system in retort pot is as follows. The maintainer makes a stainless steel disc about 0.5 meters in diameter carefully and full of holes (it is recommended to use stainless steel retort bottom as the raw material). Then the three metal brackets are erected and welded to the bottom of the steamer pot, and then the stainless steel disc is welded to the metal bracket smoothly. As long as the stainless steel disk and retort tube mouth were horizontal.

In fact, stainless steel sanitary fittings welded in the steamer pot gas pipeline and triangular metal bracket on the stainless steel disc just served as the “stabilizer” of the liquor steamer gas system, which can ensure that liquor steamer gas pipeline output of the steam uniform and stable, as well as convenient brewing on the steamer liquor.

The connection pipe of liquor cooler equipment shall be stainless steel pipe or stainless steel sanitary fittings. It is not allowed to use plastic tubes and other perishable materials to connect the wine pipes on the cooler equipment matching the liquor retort equipment, since the plastic pipe is easily corroded by the wine acid and the pungent smell of cement is easily brought into the original wine, which will affect the taste and quality of the original liquor.

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What Makes a Fitting Sanitary?

Sanitary fittings include all components used to connect sanitary tubes or piping. Generally, sanitary piping systems include all plumbing applications where cleanliness and sanitation are of primary concern. These piping systems and related fittings can be found in food processing plants, pharmaceutical companies, and other facilities that process consumable goods. They are also used by companies that produce sensitive or reactive chemicals in environments where contamination could pose serious safety risks.

How Many Types of Sanitary Fittings Are There?

Sanitary fittings are designed with many variables, and can often be custom-built for specific applications. With so many variable components such as construction material, inlet size, outlet size, threading, degree of curvature, and much more, the number of different types of sanitary fittings is seemingly endless. We’re going to take a closer look at the most common types of sanitary fittings that are readily available on the market.

The Most Common Types of Sanitary Fittings

45° Elbow Fitting: A hose fitting with female threads that runs off the end of the hose at a 45° angle.

45° Male Elbow: A steel tube fitting that joins two tubes at a 45° angle.

90° Elbow Fitting: A hose fitting with female threads that runs off the end of the hose at a 90° angle.

Sanitary Adapter Fitting: A pipe fitting that extends a run by joining two pipes of different types.

Adjustable Straight Thread O-Ring Fitting: A reusable fitting that is sealed by an O-ring located between the termination of a straight OD thread and a washer and locknut. The adjustable straight thread O-ring fitting can be tightened and fixed in any orientation.

Sanitary Barb: An angled cylindrical feature on the OD of a fitting that grabs and holds the ID of a hose. Barbs are designed so that hose is easily mounted over the fitting, but is difficult to remove.

Barbed Fitting: A fluid power fitting used with a hose. A barbed fitting is characterized by the presence of angled barbs that grab and hold on the ID of a hose.

Bell Reducer: A pipe fitting that extends a run by joining two pipes of different diameters. Often called a reducing coupling or reducing coupler.

Bite-Type Fitting: A fitting with a sharpened ferrule that “bites” the tube when compressed. The bite of the ferrule provides the seal.

Sanitary Cap: A pipe fitting that terminates a run by closing an end. A cap has female threads.

Captive Nut: A nut that is affixed to a fitting and makes the fitting rotatable.

Sanitary Clamp: A mechanical device used to compress the flange against the O-ring in a split-flange O-ring fitting.

Compression: The force applied when two matings, threaded fitting components are tightened together. Compression is the primary force behind many of the fluid power seals.

Sanitary Compression Fitting: A type of tube fitting that is sealed by pressure caused by the interaction of threaded portions of the fitting.

Crest: The high point of a thread.

Crimping: The process of mechanically attaching a permanent fitting to the end of a hose. Crimping involves squeezing the metal fitting until it is bound to the hose.

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1. Crevice Free

Crevices are not desirable when working with products that are of prime importance to humans. As aforementioned, sanitary fittings are used in various industries like food, dairy, medical, and so on. These are highly sensitive industries where sanitation is critical. Having said that, there should be no room for contamination and that means all sources of contamination should be unheard of. Crevices can be a threat to hygiene and that’s why sanitary fittings manufacturers ensure these devices are crevice free.

2. Easy Cleaning

In an industry, cleaning is paramount, and depending on the nature of the end products, it should be carried out as often as possible. In a dairy plant, for instance, the piping where the dairy products flow should be kept clean, including the fittings that regulate the flow of these products.

Like all businesses, manufacturing plants wouldn’t like to spend an arm and leg on cleaning. A better way to achieve this would be to use those fittings whose material is easy to clean and doesn’t hold stains. Fortunately, sanitary fittings are not hard to clean.

3. Polished surfaces

Most surfaces, whether wooden or metallic, are susceptible to degradation with extended use. While pests may attack wooden surfaces, corrosion usually spreads on most metallic surfaces, particularly those exposed to water and other liquid substances.

This can cost lots of money in replacements. It can also contaminate any liquid or gaseous media that flows through such metallic surfaces. One way to cut these costs would be to use fittings because they come with polished surfaces and are therefore rust-free. In most cases, you’ll come across fittings made from polished stainless steel and are undoubtedly clean.

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It is understood that there are three main processing methods of sanitary fittings: dust forging method, roller method, and stamping method. Forging is the process of drawing out a part of a pipe so that the outside diameter can be reduced.

Roller refers to the processing method that putting the stainless steel pipe on the inner core, and the external can be pushed with a rolled edge. If the sanitary fittings are processed by the stamping method, the tapered core can be expanded in the punch to reach the required size and shape. The deformation of fittings occasionally occurs in the process of using sanitary fittings.

According to the experts of our research team, there are many reasons for the deformation of sanitary fittings, such as the quality of raw materials, process equipment, mold, operation process, and so on.

At present, the major quality problems of injection water supply and drainage fittings in domestic and foreign markets are the poor stability of matching size, silver thread on the inner wall, internal stress cracking, uneven wall thickness, hole loss of circle, difficult butt joint of fittings, small butt welding overlap area, and easy leakage, etc.

For pharmaceutical safety, all sanitary fittings should be used and maintained in accordance with correct and reasonable methods to extend the service life. Relevant experts suggest that users need to pay attention to the maintenance of sanitary fittings from the following three aspects.

First, the sanitary ball valve, sanitary globe valve, and sanitary gate valve can only be fully opened or fully closed when in use, and cannot be used to adjust the flow rate, so as to avoid the sealing surface being washed and thus accelerating the wear. The gate valve and upper thread globe valve are equipped with the reverse sealing device, and the handwheel can be screwed up to prevent the leakage of media from the packing.

Second, long-term storage of sanitary fittings should be inspected regularly. The exposed processing surface shall be kept clean to remove dirt. It shall be stored neatly in a dry and ventilated place indoors. Piling or open storage is strictly prohibited. The operator should always keep the fittings dry and ventilated, keep the holder clean and tidy, and store it in an accurate way.

Third, the sanitary fitting can be directly installed on the pipeline according to the connection mode and the use position. In general, it can be installed in any position of the pipeline, but it needs to be easy to operate inspection. Pay attention to the cut-off flow of stainless steel elbow media, it should be the longitudinal disc below the upstream in normal circumstances, and the size of the stainless steel head can only be installed horizontally. Pay attention to the sealing of fittings during installation to prevent leakage and affect the normal operation of fittings.

Sanitary fittings are of high strength and generally use a kind of crystal related to the ceramic material, with a small radius and high ion configuration. As measured by the material and the compressive strength of the mold, the brittleness of the ceramic itself can be limited, and its limitation also reflects the variation in different ranges. The development of ceramic technology in line with materials and technology has greatly improved the toughness of sanitary fittings.

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As soon as you observe a leak, determine the cause, and then apply the proper corrective maintenance. Maintenance may be as simple as tightening a packing nut or gland.

A leaking flange joint may need only to have the bolts tightened or to have a new gasket or O-ring inserted.

Dirt and scale, if allowed to collect, will cause leakage. Loose hangers permit sections of a line to sag, and the weight of the pipe and the fluid in these sagging sections may strain joints to the point of leakage.

How to Extend the Life of Valves and Fittings?

If your environment is dirty or dusty, you should clean them more frequently. The easiest way to do this is to use a towel or wire brush to clean the valve casing. Keeping it clean will prevent buildup on the valve stem and other moving parts, maximizing the life of your sanitary valve.

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Sanitary fittings are designed and constructed for use in food, beverage, medical, pharmaceutical, and biological applications where cleanliness and sterility are required. These types of fittings are constructed of materials that ensure a sterile environment and maintain sterility during use.

Factors Affecting Prices of Sanitary Fittings

Each mechanical procedure whether it is water or sewage treatment, gas or petroleum preparing, mining, sustenance handling, compound and plastic methodologies, or others will oblige a fitting administration of stream of materials and weight petitioned better productivity in assignments. Moreover, sanitary valves and sanitary fittings are utilized in modern techniques which require high hygienic criteria. A number of factors will affect their prices. They are the material type, working pressure, and material temperature. Now let us go through how they take roles in prices.

1. Material Type

Depending on the material type of the sanitary fitting you want to buy, the cost of one fitting may differ from that of other fittings. For example, when buying sanitary fittings, you should be mindful of the material type and the handle style.  Not all manufacturers provide the 316L and 304L fittings but those who offer fittings with these materials may price them differently. Sanitary fittings suppliers will be able to advise you on which manufacturers provide fittings with the material you’re looking for.

2. Working Pressure

The other factor is the working pressure. This refers to the pressure under which a sanitary fitting is meant to operate. It varies according to the different connections depending on the type of application you want to use. Obviously, sanitary fittings with a higher working pressure may cost slightly more than those whose working pressure is low.

3. Material Temperature

Lastly, the material temperature also affects the pricing. This is the temperature at which a sanitary fitting can withstand while still functioning normally. The cost of a fitting to be used in the food industry may vary from that of a fitting being used in a medical setting because the former may require a higher material temperature, than the latter.

Conclusion

Thank you for reading our article and we hope it can help you better understand the factors affecting the prices of sanitary fittings. If you want to learn more about the factors affecting the prices of sanitary fittings, we would like to advise you to visit Adamant Valve homepage for more information.

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A sanitary elbow is a kind of sanitary fitting installed between two lengths of pipe or tubing to allow a change of direction. While these corner fittings are usually a 90° or 45° angle, 22.5° elbows are also available. The ends may be machined for butt welding, threaded, or socketed. When the ends differ in size, it is known as a reducing elbow. Another key characteristic of sanitary elbow fittings is in the name — they’re sanitary. These fittings are built with non-toxic, corrosion-resistant materials for use in industries that demand “food-grade” cleanliness, ensuring zero contamination of the fluid medium. Sanitary elbows are typically made of the stainless steel grade 304 or 316 to provide a sterile and corrosion-free surface.

What is a sanitary elbow fitting

How are Sanitary Elbow Fittings Measured?

Sanitary fittings are primarily measured by the Outside Diameter (OD) and Inside Diameter (ID) of the tube end or flange end. This measurement, known as the “sanitary size,” usually ranges from ½” up to 12”.

Sanitary elbow fittings are also measured by their degree of bend. A 90º elbow, also known as a “90 bend,” “90 L,” or “quarter bend,” attaches readily to plastic, copper, cast iron, steel, and lead and is attached to rubber with stainless-steel clamps. Other available materials include silicone, rubber compounds, galvanized steel, and nylon. These sanitary fittings are primarily used to connect hoses to valves, water pumps, and deck drains.

A 45º elbow, also known as a “45 bend” or “45 L,” is commonly used in water-supply facilities, food, chemical, electronic industrial pipeline networks, air-conditioning pipelines, agriculture, garden production, and solar-energy facility piping.

How are Sanitary Elbow Fittings Classified?

Sanitary elbows are also classified by length. A large radius elbow has a curvature radius of 1.5 times the pipe’s diameter, but a short radius elbow has a radius equal to the pipe’s diameter. Short elbows are widely available and are typically used for pressurized systems in physically tight locations.

What are the Applications of Sanitary Elbows?

Long elbows as sanitary fittings are used in low-pressure gravity-fed systems and other applications where low turbulence and minimum deposition of entrained solids are of concern. An elbow is a fitting usually available in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, and copper. They’re used in DWV systems, wastewater, and central vacuum systems.

Sanitary Weld Elbows are perfect for permanent assembly on processing systems that require a change of fluid direction. These fittings require robust welding for installation that offers high integrity and durability in applications that require longevity and cleaning in place (CIP). 

Conclusion

Sanitary elbows are a crucial link in the chain of fluid systems everywhere. While these types of equipment are highly specialized in nature, their presence in industrial, commercial, and even residential spaces is more ubiquitous than you might think. We depend on this integral equipment to produce and deliver vital fluids at every stage, from production all the way to consumption. Sanitary elbow fittings are utilized in agricultural irrigation systems, soft drink production, beer brewing and dispensing, various plumbing systems, and more.

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Establishing industry-wide specifications benefits the entire industry by promoting a standard that will help reduce contamination and associated recalls. These principles are appropriate for equipment in all food uses, including the production of pet food and pet products.

To reduce the risk of microbiological contamination outbreaks, all product inspection equipment should be designed with due consideration to the application, operating environment, and cleaning regimes likely to be encountered, and should adhere to the following 10 principles of sanitary fitting design.

1. Microbiologically cleanable to prevent bacterial growth on equipment contact surfaces, whether produced or not.

2. Made of materials compatible with the product, environment, and cleaning and sanitation methods.

3. Accessible for inspection, maintenance, cleaning, and hygiene without the use of tools.

4. No product or liquid collection. The equipment should be self-draining.

5. The hollow areas must be tightly closed. Bolts, mounting plates, brackets, and other such items must be continuously welded to the unattached surface by drilled and tapped holes.

6. No niche. Equipment must be free of niches.

7. Health operational performance. The equipment must operate in such a way that it does not contribute to unsanitary conditions.

8. Hygienic design of the maintenance enclosures to ensure that the food product, water, or product liquid does not enter or accumulate in and on the enclosure or interface.

9. Hygienic compatibility with other plant systems such as electricity, hydraulics, steam, air, and water.

10. Validated cleaning and disinfection protocols must be clearly written, designed, and proven effective and efficient.

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Flange fittings are generally used for connections to valves, inline instruments, or equipment nozzles. Two surfaces are joined tightly together with threaded bolts, wedges, clamps, or other means of applying high compressive force. Although a gasket, packing, or O-ring may be installed between the flanges to prevent leakage, it is sometimes possible to use only a special grease or nothing at all. Although flange sanitary fittings are bulky, they perform well in demanding applications such as large water supply networks and hydroelectric systems.

How to Measure a Sanitary Fitting?

How are Sanitary Fittings Measured?

Sanitary pipes are measured by the outside diameter (OD) of the tube. To measure a sanitary fitting, measure the OD of the tube section of the fitting. It’s important to distinguish the outside diameter from the inside diameter. Thicker piping can have significant differences between the inside and outside diameters. The OD is the measurement from the external-facing surface of the pipe. Use this size first when referring to sanitary pipes and fittings, not the end-fitting face measurements. Sanitary sizes range from ½” up to 12”.

The flanges have a nominal pressure of 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 lbs or 10, 15, 25, 40, 64, 100, and 150 bars. Different types of flanges are available, depending on the desired construction and performance specifications. The flanges used in the piping (orifice, threaded, slip-on, blind, weld neck, bushing, lap joint, and reducer) are available with a variety of facings, such as raised, flat and O-ring.

 Butt welding techniques are used to join weld neck flanges to piping systems. Although its long neck (or hub) makes it expensive, it reduces mechanical stress on piping by distributing stress between the base of the flange and the wall at the weld. Perfect size and fit between the pipe and flange will significantly reduce turbulence and erosion.

What is a Flange?

Flanges are critical components of piping systems, used to connect pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment. Flanges are used in pairs, and the most common flanges appear where two pipes link together. A circular or sometimes square plate is welded around the end of each pipe, protruding perpendicularly from the direction of conveyance. The flange’s endplates are welded and/or screwed together to create a permanent flange seal. These plate-shaped parts are most common in pipeline engineering. Flanges need a sealing point between the two flange plates that are fastened with bolts. Flanges with different pressure tolerances have various thicknesses and use different bolts.

What Are Flange Fitting Parts?

Pumps and valves can be connected to pipelines, with their connection points built to the corresponding flange shape, also known as the flange connection. All of the components which connect the bolts in two planes to remain sealed at the same time are generally considered part of the “flange,” such as the connection of ventilation pipes. These components can also be called “flange parts.” But this kind of connection is only a part of the equipment, such as the connection between the flange and the water pump. For example, the water pump is not generally considered “flange parts.” Relatively small parts, such as valves, can be called “flange parts.”

How to Use Sanitary Flange Fittings

Sanitary flange fittings are often located in the drain pipe and provide accessories for pipe fittings. The edge of the flange appears around the edge of the drain pipe. In addition, a short pipe reaches down and connects with the pipe. The flange is an important part of the drainage device and needs to be properly installed to reduce the risk of leakage and other problems. According to the design, the drain pipe may be discharged into the flange during installation. The plumber can apply a thin layer of plumber putty on the edge of the drainpipe and then push the flange in place.

Putty ensures a tight connection, prevents leakage, and secures the flange so that it does not sway or slide. Traps and plugs can be installed on the flange to prevent debris from entering the drain and allow users to block activities such as bathing or dishwashing. Sometimes it is necessary to remove the drain flange to replace it or the connected parts.

How to Maintain Sanitary Flange Fittings?

Disassembling a sanitary flange fitting depends on the unique installation features. But, a few reliable steps can always be taken. The bucket should be placed under the pipe to collect any dripping or leakage and allow people to safely screw off the fittings under the drain pipe. Once these fittings are loose, it should be possible to see if it is necessary to loosen the flange, or if it can be gently nudged from below to force them to pop out so that they can be removed.

Before replacing the flange, it is important to clean around the drain pipe and re-apply the plumber’s putty to make it tightly sealed and avoid leakage. The standard size can be used with different types of sanitary ware. They shall be used interchangeably between manufacturers. Purchasers may need to consider the color and finish when purchasing replacement flanges to ensure they match. These parts are usually made of metal and may be glossy, especially in the visible part of the drain flange. This may require mild maintenance to prevent scratches and damage. Corrosive materials should not be treated directly on the surface or in the drainpipe on a regular basis. It is recommended to check the pipe regularly for problems and replace the drain flange and other parts before starting to leak.

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