The general idea on fixtures and fittings is that fixtures include those objects or appliances that are attached to the building, that is, the object that is permanently fixed on the building and cannot be removed without causing damage to the building. They are static, immovable, and motionless. On the other hand, the knowledge is that fittings are those objects or appliances that are not fixed to the building other than using a screw or nail; they can be easily moved and detached. However, the differences between sanitary fixtures and sanitary fittings go beyond this elementary knowledge of fixtures and fittings although it could further help in explaining one from the other, the differentiation on this knowledge is not totally sound.

By way of definition, sanitary fitting or sanitary fixtures are those objects or things mostly used in applications and processes requiring a clean, healthy, or sterile process such as dairy products, food processes, pharmaceuticals, medical and chemical productions as well as personal hygiene etcetera. These objects and appliances are made to be easily maintained, cleaned; crack free and they are also made with polished contact surfaces. They are also made with materials to preserve their sterility and cleanliness in the course of usage. They are also easily sanitized and disinfected.

Distinctively, a major difference between the two is that, in the first part, sanitary fixtures are those sanitary objects or appliances that are fixed or attached. They are commonly referred to as sanitary furniture. They are static, immovable, and motionless. Sanitary fixtures are sanitary wares or furniture attached and installed in different parts of a building and they are permanently connected to a plumbing system to be used for the reception and discharge of water or waste. Examples of sanitary fixtures include water closet, lavatory or washbasin, urinal, floor drain, flushing cisterns, showers, faucets, hose bibs, bathtubs, dishwashers, sinks, laundry sink, drinking fountain, bidet to mention a few. These fixtures are made from dense, durable, and non-absorbent materials that do not harbor bacteria or allow germs to multiply such as cast iron, ceramics, sheet steel, non-ferrous metals, and alloys.

On the other hand, c also known as hygienic fittings or sanitary clamps are those objects or appliances used to seal, clamp and fasten two or more separate ends of sanitary fixtures from any crevices or gaps to maintain a high hygienic standard. In other words, sanitary fittings are used to create closures, linkages, and a secure connection between sanitary fixtures so as not to create any leaking site or gap that can harbor or lead to exposure of bacteria and germs. Examples of sanitary fittings are determined by the connection types such as ball and sleeve fittings, barbed fittings, cam-lock fittings, compression fittings, crimp fittings, end fittings, flanges, threaded fittings etcetera; It is also determined by the function of such fitting such as fittings which extends or terminate (for example, adapter, coupling, sleeve, union, cap, plug etc.), fittings which add or change directions (for example, elbow, tee, wye, cross), fittings which changes vessel size (for example, reducer and olet), and fittings which provide special connections (for example, nipple) it could also include Valves for regulating and controlling of flows (for example, gate valves, globe valves, angle valves, check valves – spring check valve and swing check valve – ball valves, metered valves, flow control valve, thermostatic valves, temperature relief valve, pressure reducing valve, flushometer, sensor operated valves), traps for preventing foul gas from sewers to back flow (for example, floor traps, gully traps, intercepting traps) etcetera.

In summary, sanitary fixtures are those wares, equipment, and furniture in place for clean and hygienic purposes while sanitary fittings are those objects and appliances used to connect these fixtures together to achieve a high standard of cleanliness free from germs and bacteria. Notwithstanding the above distinction between sanitary fixtures and sanitary fittings, based on the uses of each, it is noted that although sanitary fixtures and sanitary fittings are distinctively different, both work hand in hand and are essential in achieving a sterile and germ-free environment. Sanitary fixtures and sanitary fittings are both essential for unparalleled efficiency in achieving a high level of joint cleanliness which is critical to delicate productions as mentioned earlier.

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Sanitary tees are t-shaped sanitary pipe fittings used in the branch pipe of the main pipeline. Under normal use, sanitary tees connect a branch line to a vertical drain line or vent line. Sanitary tees can be made with a consistent diameter or different diameters to connect to pipes or valves with different fitting sizes. These helpful pieces of equipment come in many different shapes and sizes, but there are only two main types of sanitary tees. We’ll discuss the details, uses, and classifications of the different types of sanitary tee fittings below.

What are Sanitary Tees Used For?

A sanitary tee has a curved center section to allow smoother, more efficient liquid flow. In drainage systems, it is primarily used to connect horizontal drains to vertical drains. The center connection is usually to the pipe leading to a trap. Sanitary tees should not be used to connect a vertical drain to a horizontal drain because of the likelihood that solids will build up at the bottom of the junction and cause a blockage.

Three Different Uses of Sanitary Tees

1. Sanitary tees can be used to join a horizontal line. For example, to join waste arms to vent stacks or vertical risers.
2. In some cases, a sanitary tee can also be used in place of a vent tee when plumbing vent lines. It helps to maintain the proper flow.
3. When installing sanitary tees, do not place them with the backside up and the side open because this will cause waste to splash upstream when it hits the bottom of the horizontal pipe. This will eventually cause blockages in the pipeline.

How are Sanitary Tees Classified?

Classified by Pipe Diameter

1. Straight Tee

Straight tees have the same diameter of the main pipe and branch pipe.

2. Reducing Tee

Reducing tees have a branch pipe diameter smaller than that of the main pipe.

Classified by Docking Form

1. Butt-Welded Tee

Butt-welded tees provide a branch with a 90-degree turn and are connected after butt welding with the connecting pipe fittings.

2. Socket Type Tee

A socket-type tee is a tee pipe fitting that is welded or welded after inserting the connecting pipe into each end of the tee.

3. Card Sleeve Type Tee

A card sleeve-type tee is a three-way pipe fitting with a card sleeve joint at each end, and the pipe fitting is inserted and then tightened.

4. Threaded Tee

Threaded tee fittings connect pipes by screwing into place.

Classified by Material

Sanitary tees can be primarily made of several different materials. Usually, the following materials are used to create a sanitary tee:

• stainless steel tees
• carbon steel tees
• copper tees
• PVC tees
• ductile iron tees

Classified by Branch Form

1. Positive Tee

Positive tees are tee fittings used for the vertical main pipe of the branch pipe.

2. Oblique Tee

Oblique tees are fittings with a specified angle between the branch pipe and the main pipe.

The Two Main Types of Sanitary Tees 

Double Sanitary Tee or Sanitary Cross

The double sanitary tee differs from a standard cross in that two of the ports have curved entrances. Although it has been used in the past to connect back-to-back fixture drains, some current codes—including the 2006 Uniform Plumbing Code in the US—prohibit the use of this fitting for that purpose and require a double luminaire fitting to minimize wastewater from one side flowing into the other.

Wye Fitting or Y Fitting

Wye fittings are similar to tees, but they differ by tilting the bypass line to reduce friction and turbulence. They are commonly used to attach a vertical drain to a horizontal pipe. The connection is usually 45 degrees rather than 90 degrees. If a branch is further away at 90 degrees, the fitting becomes a combo tee. Wyes and combo wyes follow a long sweeping pattern compared to sanitary tees and other short sweeps, which have a smaller radius and require less space. A wye can also be used to divide a bypass line evenly in two directions, such as dividing the mainline into two smaller branches.

Conclusion

Thank you for reading our article! We hope it can help you better understand the main types of sanitary tees. If you want to learn more about sanitary valves, we would like to advise you to visit the Adamant Valves homepage for more information.

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Stainless steel sanitary fittings are hollow long circular steels that are widely used in petroleum, chemical industry, medical treatment, food, light industry, mechanical instrument, and other industrial pipeline and mechanical structural parts. In addition, the stainless steel sanitary fittings are light in weight at the same bending and torsion strength, so they are widely used in making mechanical parts and engineering structures, as well as in the production of various conventional weapons, barrels, shells, and so on.

The application in environmental protection

Atmospheric protection

First of all, from the perspective of atmospheric environmental protection, the demand for heat-resistant, heat-resistant corrosion-resistant stainless steel sanitary valve fittings to be installed in high-temperature scum combustion and installation, LNG power generation and efficient power generation using coal will be expanded. It is also estimated that the battery shell of fuel cell vehicles, which will be put into practice in the early 21st century, will also use stainless steel sanitary valve fittings.

Water-quality protection

From the point of view of water-quality environmental protection, drainage disposal installation, and stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance will also expand the demand in the water supply. The use of stainless steel in existing bridges, highways, tunnels, and other equipment in Europe is increasing, and it is estimated that this trend will spread all over the world.

Reducing construction waste

The lifespan of a typical Japanese residential building is particularly short – 20 to 30 years, with waste disposal a major problem. Recently, buildings with a life of up to 100 years have begun to appear, so the demand for data with good durability will increase. From the perspective of environmental protection, it is necessary to discuss how to reduce the cost of maintenance in the design phase by introducing new concepts while reducing civil and construction waste.

With regard to the improvement of IT, function data plays a great role in equipment hardware during the development and improvement of IT, and requests for high-precision and high-function data are very large. For example, in mobile phones and microcomputer components, the sensitive application of stainless steel features such as high strength, elasticity, and non-magnetic properties make the application of stainless steel expand.

Stainless steel has excellent properties that many other metals do not, which is a kind of material with excellent durability and recycling property. In the future, the stainless steel sanitary valve fitting will be widely used in various fields.

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In kitchens and bathrooms, mixers are commonly used. In this case, the hot and cold water from both valves is mixed before reaching the outlet, allowing the water to emerge at any temperature between that of the hot and cold water supplies. Mixing faucets were invented by Thomas Campbell of Saint John, New Brunswick, and patented in 1880.

For baths and showers, mixer taps frequently incorporate some sort of pressure balancing feature so that the hot/cold mixture ratio will not be affected by transient changes in the pressure of one or other of the supplies. This helps avoid scalding or uncomfortable chilling as other water loads occur (such as the flushing of a toilet).

Rather than two separate valves, mixer taps frequently use a single, more complex, valve controlled by a single handle. The handle moves up and down to control the amount of water flow and from side to side to control the temperature of the water.

Especially for baths and showers, the latest designs are thermostatic mixing valves that do this using a built-in thermostat and can be mechanical or electronic. There are also taps as sanitary fittings with color LEDs to show the temperature of the water.

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The high-temperature cracks mentioned here refer to the cracks related to welding. High-temperature cracks can be roughly divided into solidification cracks, microcracks, HAZ (heat affected zone) cracks and reheating cracks.

Low-temperature crack

Low-temperature cracks sometimes occur in martensitic stainless steel and ferritic stainless steel with martensitic structure locally. Since the main causes are hydrogen diffusion, the constraint level of welded joints and the hardened tissue, the treatment method is mainly to reduce the hydrogen diffusion in the welding process, and stop preheating and thermal disposal appropriately after welding and reduce the constraint level.

The toughness of welded joints

In order to reduce the sensitivity of high-temperature cracks in austenitic stainless steel, the composition design usually makes the remaining ferrite 5% to 10%. However, the presence of these ferrites results in a drop in low-temperature toughness. When the welding of duplex stainless steel stops, the austenite in the welded joint area decreases, and the toughness is affected. In addition, the toughness value of ferrite tends to drop significantly with the increase of ferrite.

It has been proved that the reason why the toughness of welded joints of sanitary fittings of high purity ferritin drops significantly is the mixing of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. The increase of oxygen content in the welded joints of some steels results in oxide inclusions, which has become the source of crack initiation or the way of crack propagation and make toughness drop. Besides, some steels are mixed with air in the maintenance gas, and the increase of nitrogen content produces strip Cr2N on the cleavage plane {100} of the matrix, which hardens the matrix and makes the toughness drop.

Embrittlement of the σphase

In austenitic stainless steel, the composition design usually makes the remaining 5% to 10% ferrite to reduce the sensitivity of high-temperature cracks. As a few percent σphase was precipitated from the tissue, the toughness decreased significantly. Ferrite content in austenitic stainless steel should be minimized as a preventive measure to avoid the generation of σphase.

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The main purpose of the couplings is to connect two pieces of rotating equipment while allowing some degree of misalignment or final movement or both. With careful selection, installation and maintenance of fittings, substantial savings can be achieved by reducing maintenance costs and downtime. In a more general context, a coupling may also be a mechanical device for connecting the ends of adjacent parts or objects.

Shaft couplings are used in multi-purpose machines. The most common are:

1. To transfer energy from one end to another (eg transfer power from motor to pump coupling) Primary function.

2. To provide connection of separately manufactured unit shafts, such as motor and generator, and provide for disconnection for repairs or modifications.

3. To predict tree misalignment or introduce mechanical flexibility.

4. To reduce the transmission of shock loads from one tree to another.

5. To introduce overload protection.

6. To modify the vibration characteristics of rotating units.

7. To connect the pipe and the driven part

8. To maintain hygienic conditions by utilizing sanitary fittings.

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Generally, those who purchase sanitary fittings are pharmaceutical or food factories for maintenance and the configuration of related equipment. Buyers are basically pharmaceutical and food equipment system integrators and wholesalers.

However, deformation of sanitary fitting may occur occasionally in the process of application. There are many reasons for the fitting deformation, and the first is that quality involves raw materials, process equipment, mold, operation process, and so on.

At present, the biggest quality problem of injection molding water supply and drainage pipe fittings in domestic and foreign markets is the poor stability of matching size, the inner wall has silver silk lines, internal stress cracking, uneven wall thickness, the loss of circular orifice leads to the butt joint of pipe fittings is difficult, butt welding overlap area is small, easy to leak, etc.

All sanitary fittings should be used and maintained in a correct and reasonable manner so that the service time can be prolonged. Below are some tips on how to avoid the deformation of sanitary fittings.

* Sanitary ball valve, sanitary globe valve, and sanitary gate valve should only be fully open or fully closed when in use. It is not allowed to adjust the flow rate to avoid erosion of the sealing surface and accelerated wear. The gate valve and upper thread globe valve have the reverse sealing device, and the handwheel is rotated to the top position to tighten to prevent the media from leaking from the packing.

* The sanitary fittings can be directly installed on the pipeline according to the connection mode and the position of use. In general, it can be installed in any position in the pipeline. However, in order to facilitate the inspection of the operation, it is necessary to pay attention to the cut-off stainless steel elbow media flow should be longitudinal disc below the upstream, so that the size of the stainless steel head can only be installed horizontally. Pay attention to the sealing of pipe fittings during installation to prevent leakage and affect the normal operation of the pipe.

* Long-term storage of pipe fittings should be checked on schedule, the surface of the exposed processing must be kept clean, remove dirt, and neatly stored in an indoor air dry place.

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Sanitary fittings make social life easy and simple, as people can comfortably use water and gas. This situation is possible for people who use sanitation programs with the help of adequate sources.

This procedure is a technical process and people like to complete this procedure with appropriate sources that are different in different conditions and locations. For example, some people work as mechanics in the market and can complete the procedure of sanitary adaptation with success and sensation.

In the same way, some people are not able to complete this montage successfully because they do not have enough knowledge and experience in the procedure of sanitary adaptation.

Thus, consumers should choose a suitable company and should also observe the performance of this company in the market. This small effort is useful for making a good decision at the right time and place in the social order. Therefore, people can submit an order for the realization of sanitary solutions and this submission is easy for all consumers because they can do it within a limited time.

There are various options that can be used for submitting an order for acquiring a sanitary facility solution at reasonable rates. For example, some people use telephone systems for this purpose and some people use postal facilities.

As a result, the majority of people are using quick and fast messaging solutions to complete the hiring process for successfully completing the sanitary fittings installation process. Customers have no problem in this area and can use any method depending on their location and environment. Therefore, proper care in performing the sanitary adjustment procedure can produce results in the form of the beauty and beauty of homes and houses.

The sanitary fitting installation is also an imperative sign of attractiveness because it makes routine life secure and secure according to the wishes of the people of the social order. In this area, people who are unconscious can also get the support of competent staff that can solve health problems successfully and quickly.

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Sanitary fittings are mainly used for hygienic fittings used in places with high hygienic standards in pharmaceutical, food, and other industries. Generally, sanitary fittings are purchased from pharmaceutical or food factories for maintenance and related equipment configuration, and buyers are mainly pharmaceutical, food equipment system integrators and buying wholesale, and so on.

Generally, sanitary fittings can be installed at any position of the pipeline. However, it should be noted that the media flow direction of the sanitary grade elbow should be from the bottom to the top of the longitudinal valve disc for the inspection of easy operation, and the sanitary grade head can only be installed horizontally. When used, sanitary fittings, sanitary ball valves, sanitary shut off valves, and sanitary brake valves are only used for full opening or full closing without regulating flow, so as to avoid erosion of the sealing surface and accelerate wear.

Sanitary Fittings Design Principles

There are ten principles of sanitary fittings design, and these principles are appropriate for equipment in all food uses, including the production of pet food and pet products.

1. Microbiologically cleanable to prevent bacterial growth on equipment contact surfaces, whether produced or not.

2. Made of materials compatible with the product, environment, and cleaning and sanitation methods.

3. Accessible for inspection, maintenance, cleaning, and hygiene without the use of tools.

4. No product or liquid collection. The equipment should be self-draining.

5. The hollow areas must be tightly closed. Bolts, mounting plates, brackets, and other such items must be continuously welded to the unattached surface by drilled and tapped holes.

6. No niche. Equipment must be free of niches.

7. Health operational performance. The equipment must operate in such a way that it does not contribute to unsanitary conditions.

8. Hygienic design of the maintenance enclosures to ensure that the food product, water, or product liquid does not enter or accumulate in and on the enclosure or interface.

9. Hygienic compatibility with other plant systems such as electricity, hydraulics, steam, air, and water.

10. Validated cleaning and disinfection protocols must be clearly written, designed, and proven effective and efficient.

Sanitary Fittings Common Features

As the name suggests, sanitary fittings have been designed for use in areas that require sterile or clean processing. The common features of sanitary fittings are crevice-free, polished surfaces, and easy cleaning. The media flowing through these fittings include liquids, gases, and those liquids with solid suspensions.

1. Crevice Free

Crevices are not desirable when working with products that are of prime importance to humans. As aforementioned, sanitary fittings are used in various industries like food, dairy, medical, and so on. These are highly sensitive industries where sanitation is critical. Having said that, there should be no room for contamination and that means all sources of contamination should be unheard of. Crevices can be a threat to hygiene and that’s why sanitary fittings manufacturers ensure these devices are crevice-free.

2. Easy Cleaning

In an industry, cleaning is paramount, and depending on the nature of the end products, it should be carried out as often as possible. In a dairy plant, for instance, the piping where the dairy products flow should be kept clean, including the fittings that regulate the flow of these products.  Like all businesses, manufacturing plants wouldn’t like to spend an arm and leg in cleaning. A better way to achieve this would be to use those fittings whose material is easy to clean and doesn’t hold stains. Fortunately, sanitary fittings are not hard to clean.

3. Polished surfaces

Most surfaces, whether wooden or metallic, are susceptible to degradation with extended use. While pests may attack wooden surfaces, corrosion usually spreads on most metallic surfaces, particularly those exposed to water and other liquid substances. This can cost lots of money in replacements. It can also contaminate any liquid or gaseous media that flows through such metallic surfaces. One way to cut on these costs would be to use fittings because they come with polished surfaces and are therefore rust-free. In most cases, you’ll come across fittings made from polished stainless steel and are undoubtedly clean.

Sanitary Fittings Applications

The applications of sanitary fittings in environmental protection are as follows.

1. Atmospheric protection

First of all, from the perspective of atmospheric environmental protection, the demand for heat-resistant, heat-resistant corrosion-resistant stainless steel sanitary valve fittings to be installed in high-temperature scum combustion and installation, LNG power generation and efficient power generation using coal will be expanded. It is also estimated that the battery shell of fuel cell vehicles, which will be put into practice in the early 21st century, will also use stainless steel sanitary valve fittings.

2. Water-quality protection

From the point of view of water-quality environmental protection, drainage disposal installation, stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance will also expand the demand in the water supply. The use of stainless steel in existing bridges, highways, tunnels, and other equipment in Europe is increasing, and it is estimated that this trend will spread all over the world.

3. Reducing construction waste

The lifespan of a typical Japanese residential building is particularly short – 20 to 30 years, with waste disposal a major problem. Recently, buildings with a life of up to 100 years have begun to appear, so that the demand for data with good durability will increase. From the perspective of environmental protection, it is necessary to discuss how to reduce the cost of maintenance in the design phase of introducing new concepts while reducing civil and construction waste.

Factors Affecting Prices of Sanitary Fittings

Each mechanical procedure whether it is water or sewage treatment, gas or petroleum preparing, mining, sustenance handling, compound and plastic methodologies, or others will oblige a fitting administration of stream of materials and weight petitioned better productivity in assignments. Moreover, sanitary valves and sanitary fittings are utilized in modern techniques which require high hygienic criteria. A number of factors will affect the prices of sanitary fittings, which are the material type, working pressure, and material temperature. Now let us go through how they take roles in prices.

1. Material Type

Depending on the material type of the sanitary fitting you want to buy, the cost of one fitting may differ from that of other fittings. For example, when buying sanitary fittings, you should be mindful of the material type and the handle style.  Not all manufacturers provide the 316L and 304L fittings but those who offer fittings with these materials may price them differently. Sanitary fittings suppliers will be able to advise you on which manufacturers provide fittings with the material you’re looking for.

2. Working Pressure

The other factor is the working pressure. This refers to the pressure under which a sanitary fitting is meant to operate. It varies according to the different connections depending on the type of application you want to use. Obviously, sanitary fittings with a higher working pressure may cost slightly more than those whose working pressure is low.

3. Material Temperature

Lastly, the material temperature also affects the pricing. This is the temperature at which a sanitary fitting can withstand while still functioning normally. The cost of a fitting to be used in the food industry may vary from that of a fitting being used in a medical setting because the former may require a higher material temperature, than the latter.

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Water is basically the most essential element when it comes to performing daily tasks without forgetting to drink. Therefore, you want to be prepared for such serious emergencies.

Most people drink water directly from their faucet, which means that in the event of a break, they can be in a jam. However, you can still find sanitary water from your water heater or some trapped in your pipes and faucets.

Melting ice cubes from trays and bins could be another way to save the life of drinking water. What matters most are your sanitary facilities or your goods, how they have been repaired, and if they are clean enough.

If the water in your faucet is clean enough to be drinkable without any stomach problems, it follows that your pipes are clean enough. This may not seem appetizing considering its water not flowing, but it should keep you above the drought period.

Turn off gas or electricity to get water from your water heater before going further. You will find an intake valve near the tank, if not, it should be on the tank.

Place a clean container under the drain that should be located at the bottom of your tank. Then turn on your faucets at home and that’s it! Clean drinking water. When running water is restored, be sure to fill the tank before turning on the power.

The water in your pipes is easier to get, just access the faucets at the highest point of your house. This will not require a lot of water pressure to get the water through because the air is allowed in your piping.

Go to the lowest faucet and open it, you will see water flowing. Always make sure that the faucet you choose has sanitary fittings to prevent waterborne diseases.

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